PROTAFAN NM > Insulin

Pharmacokinetics
Alamu don amfani
Hanyar aikace-aikace
Side effects
Contraindications
Ciki
Yin hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyi
Yawan abin sama da ya kamata
Yanayin ajiya
Fom ɗin saki
Abun ciki
Zabi ne

Protafan NM - maganin antidiabetic.
Rage tasirin sukari shine inganta haɓaka glucose ta kyallen takarda bayan ɗaurin insulin ga masu karɓa da ƙwayoyin mai, da kuma hanawar sakin glucose daga hanta.
A matsakaici, bayanin aikin bayan allurar subcutaneous kamar haka: farkon aikin shine tsakanin awanni 1.5, matsakaicin sakamako shine daga 4 zuwa 12:00, tsawon lokacin aikin shine kamar awanni 24.

Pharmacokinetics

Rabin rayuwar insulin daga jini yana da wasu mintoci, sabili da haka, bayanan ayyukan aikin insulin an ƙaddara shi kawai ta halayen sha. Wannan tsari ya dogara da dalilai da yawa (alal misali, a kan yawan insulin, hanyar da wurin allura, kauri daga cikin ƙwanƙwaran ƙwayar cuta, nau'in ciwon sukari), wanda ke ƙayyade mahimmancin bambancin sakamakon shirin insulin a ɗayan kuma a cikin daban-daban marasa lafiya.
Baƙon Mafi girman hankali a cikin plasma an kai shi a cikin awanni 2-18 bayan gudanar da maganin.
Rarraba. Babu mahimmancin ɗaure wa insulin zuwa ƙwayoyin plasma, ban da keɓance ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa gare shi (idan akwai), ba a gano shi ba.
Tsarin rayuwa. An cire insulin na mutum ta hanyar kariya ta insulin ko kuma enzymes insulindegradable kuma, mai yiwuwa, ta hanyar lalata furotin isomerase. An gano wurare da yawa inda fashewar (hydrolysis) na kwayar insulin ta ɗan adam ya faru. Babu wani daga cikin metabolites da aka kafa bayan hydrolysis wanda ke da aikin nazarin halittu.
Kiwo. Tsawon lokacin rabin rayuwa na insulin an tantance shi da yawan abinda yake samu daga kasusuwa na nama. Abin da ya sa tsawon lokacin rabin rayuwa na ƙarshe (t½) yana nuna ƙarar sha, kuma ba kawarwa (na irin wannan) na insulin daga jini na jini (t½ na insulin daga cikin jini kawai 'yan mintuna). Dangane da bincike, t½ 5-5 ne.

Hanyar aikace-aikace

Protafan NM shiri ne na insulin da dadewa, don haka za'a iya amfani dashi shi kadai ko a hade tare da insulin gajere.
Sashi na insulin ne mutum kuma likita ya ƙaddara shi bisa ga bukatun mai haƙuri.
Abun da ake buƙata na yau da kullun don insulin yawanci daga 0.3 zuwa 1.0 IU / kg / rana. Bukatar yau da kullun don insulin na iya ƙaruwa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da juriya na insulin (alal misali, a cikin samartaka ko cikin kiba) da raguwa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da sauran insulin na ƙarshe samar da insulin.
Gyara daidaitawa
Cututtukan haɗin gwiwa, musamman cututtuka da zazzabi, yawanci suna ƙara buƙatar haƙuri ga insulin. Kidneyarancin koda, hanta, ko adrenal, pituitary, ko cututtukan thyroid suna buƙatar canje-canje na kashi.
Hakanan ana iya buƙatar yin gyaran fuska idan marasa lafiya sun canza ayyukansu na jiki ko abincinsu na yau da kullun. Hakanan ana iya buƙatar zaɓin sashi yayin canja wurin marasa lafiya zuwa wasu shirye-shiryen insulin.
Gabatarwa
Protafan NM An yi niyya don allurar subcutaneous kawai. An daina dakatar da insulin.
Mafi yawanci ana gudanar da Protafan HM a ƙarƙashin fata na cinya. Hakanan zaka iya shiga yankin bangon ciki na ciki, gindi ko guntun tsoka na kafada.
Tare da allurar ciki a cikin cinya, shakar insulin yayi saurin yin amfani da lokacin da aka sa cikin sauran sassan jiki.
Gabatarwar wani yanki mai fyaɗe fata yana rage haɗarin shiga cikin tsoka.
Bayan allura, allura ya kamata ya kasance a karkashin fata na akalla awanni 6. Wannan zai tabbatar da gabatarwar cikakken kashi.
Don rage haɗarin lipodystrophy, shafin allurar ya kamata koyaushe a canza koda a cikin yanki ɗaya na jiki.
Protafan NM a cikin vials da aka yi amfani da su tare da sirinji na insulin, na musamman, waɗanda suke da karatun da ya dace. Protafan HM ya zo tare da umarnin kunshin tare da cikakken bayani don amfani.
Umarnin don amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Protafan NM ga mai haƙuri
Kada kayi amfani da Protafan NM:
- a cikin jiko farashinsa,
- idan kun kasance masu rashin lafiyan (mai sanya kuzari) ga insulin na mutum ko kuma wani kayan magani
- idan kuna tsammanin kun bunkasa hypoglycemia (sukari mara nauyi)
- Idan filastik filastik ɗin aminci bai dace da lalacewa ba ko yana ɓacewa
(Kowane kwalban yana da filayen filastik mai kariya wanda zai nuna budewa, idan ya karɓi kwalbar, kwalban bai dace da lalacewa ba ko ya ɓace, ya kamata a mayar da kwalban zuwa kantin magani)
- Idan an adana maganin ba daidai ba ko an sanyaya shi,
- idan dakatarwar insulin ya zama fari fat da kuma hadari bayan hadawa.
Kafin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Protafan NM:
- bincika alamar don tabbatar da cewa nau'in insulin kamar yadda aka tsara,
- cire murfin filastik na aminci.
Yadda ake amfani da wannan shiri na insulin
Protafan NM an gudanar dashi ta hanyar allura a karkashin fata (a karkashin fata). Karka taɓa saka insulin kai tsaye a cikin jijiya ko tsoka. Koyaushe canza wurin allura, koda a cikin yankin guda ɗaya na jiki don rage haɗarin bunƙasa tambarin alamomi ko alamun tambura a kan fata. Mafi kyawun wurare don allurar kai shine buttocks, gaban cinya ko kafadu.
Inta Protafan NMidan ana sarrafa shi shi kadai ko kuma idan aka gauraya shi da insulin gajeriyar magana
- Tabbatar kana amfani da sirinji na insulin wanda ke da yawan karatun da ya dace.
- Zana zuwa cikin sirinji mai yawan iska daidai da yawan insulin ɗin da kake buƙata ka shigar dashi cikin murfin.
- Bi umarnin da likitanku ko likitan ku suka bayar game da dabarar sarrafa magani.
- Nan da nan kafin amfani, mirgine kwalban Protafan ® NM tsakanin tafin hannunka har sai ruwan ya yi fari da gajimare. Stirring ne mafi kyau lokacin da insulin an dumama zuwa zazzabi dakin.
- Sanya allurar insulin. Yi amfani da dabarar allura ta likitanku ko likitan ku.
- Rike allura a karkashin fata na akalla aƙalla 6 don tabbatar cewa ana yin cikakken maganin.
Yara. Shirye-shiryen insulin na ɗan adam mai inganci suna da inganci kuma marasa lafiya a cikin maganin cutar sukari a cikin shekaru daban-daban na yara da matasa. Bukatar insulin na yau da kullun a cikin yara da matasa ya dogara da matakin cutar, nauyin jiki, shekaru, abinci, motsa jiki, matsayin juriya na insulin da kuma ƙarfin yanayin ƙwayar cutar glycemia.

Magunguna da magunguna

Ya kamata a sani cewa Protafan NM ne insulin mutumin da ke da tasiri na dogon lokaci, wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar fasahar halittar halittar DNA ta hanyar amfani da iri Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Magungunan yana hulɗa tare da takamaiman mai karɓa wanda yake a waje da ƙwayar sel ta cytoplasmic tare da ƙirƙirar hadaddun insulin-receptor. A wannan yanayin, kara kuzarin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, alal misali, kira mai mahimmanci enzymes: pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, glycogen synthetase da sauransu.

Glucose a cikin abun da ke ciki jini yana ƙaruwa saboda ɗaukar jijiyar sa, wanda ke haɓaka ƙwayar nama, kazalika da ƙarfafa lipogenesis da glycogenogenesis, rage ƙarancin samar da glucose ta hanta, da sauransu.

A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da insulin na protafan a cikin farashi wanda ya dogara da dalilai kamar sashi, hanyar, hanyar gudanarwa da nau'in ciwon sukari. Don wannan, bayanan ingancin insulin na iya canzawa.

Magungunan yana fara aiki a cikin sa'o'i 1-1.5 daga lokacin gudanarwa, ana samun mafi girman sakamako bayan sa'o'i 4-12 kuma yana da inganci aƙalla awanni 24.

Cikakkiyar sha da ingancin wannan magani ya dogara da wuri da kuma hanyar gudanarwa, kazalika da sashi da maida hankali kan babban abu a cikin maganin. Samun iyakar insulin abun ciki jini jini yana faruwa bayan sa'o'i 2-18 a sakamakon subcutaneous management.

Magungunan ba ya shiga cikin dangantaka mai ma'ana tare da sunadaran plasma, yana gano kawai yana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa insulin. A metabolism da yawa insulin aiki ne daga dan adam metabolitescewa sha aiki a cikin jiki.

Side effects

Yayin lura da wannan magani, kamar yadda a cikin haɗin Protafan -Penfill, mummunan tasirin na iya haɓaka, tsananin ƙarfin abin da ya dogara da sashi da aikin magani na insulin.

Musamman ma sau da yawa, a matsayin sakamako na gefen, hypoglycemia na faruwa. Dalilin bayyanarsa ya ta'allaka ne da yawan adadin insulin din da kuma bukatar sa. A lokaci guda, kusan bashi yiwuwa a tantance tsawan abin da ya faru.

Za a iya haɗuwa da mummunan rashin ƙarfi na jini tare da asarar hankali, yanayi mai ɗaukar hankali, raunin ayyukan ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin, da kuma wani lokacin mai haifar da mutuwa.

Bugu da ƙari, sakamako masu illa suna yiwuwa waɗanda ke aiki da aikin rigakafi, juyayi da sauran tsarin.

Ba a cire shi daga haɓakar halayen anaphylactic ba, alamu na haɓakar haɓaka, rikice-rikice a cikin aikin narkewa, angioedema,karancin numfashiraunin zuciya, raguwa hawan jini da sauransu.

Protafan, umarnin don amfani (Hanyar da sashi)

Ana sarrafa wannan magani a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A lokaci guda, ana zaɓin sashi ɗin daban daban, la'akari da buƙatar haƙuri. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa marasa lafiyar da ke jure insulin suna da buƙatu mafi girma.

Hakanan likita ne wanda ke kayyade yawan adadin injections na yau da kullun da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar maganin- ko haɗuwa da magani, alal misali, tare da insulin, wanda ke da sauri ko gajere. Idan ya cancanta, ana yin maganin insulin mai ƙarfi ta amfani da wannan dakatarwa azaman insulin basal a hade tare da insulin mai sauri ko gajere. Yawancin lokuta ana ba da allura gwargwadon abincin.

Yawancin marasa lafiya suna gudanar da aikin karkashin Protafan NM kai tsaye zuwa cinya. An yi amfani da allura a cikin bango na ciki, buttock da sauran wurare an yarda. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin da aka shigar da maganin a cikin cinya, yana sha sosai a hankali. Ana ba da shawarar lokaci-lokaci don canza wurin allurar don guje wa ci gaba lipodystrophy.

Sashi da hanyar gudanarwa

Protafan magani ne na yau da kullun, saboda haka ana iya amfani dashi duka daban kuma a hade tare da kwayoyi masu gajeriyar magana, misali, Actrapid. Sashi aka zaɓi akayi daban-daban. Bukatar yau da kullun don insulin ya bambanta ga duk masu ciwon sukari. A yadda aka saba, yakamata ya kasance daga 0.3 zuwa 1.0 IU a kowace kg. Tare da kiba ko balaga, juriya na insulin na iya haɓaka, don haka buƙatun yau da kullun zasu ƙaru. Tare da canji a salon rayuwa, cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar thyroid, glandon gland, hanta, da kodan, ana daidaita matakan Protafan NM daban daban.

Kayan magunguna

Tasirin hypoglycemic yana faruwa ne bayan rushewar insulin da ɗaukar nauyin mai karɓar ƙwayoyin tsoka da mai mai. Babban kaddarorin:

lowers glucose jini
yana inganta haɓakar glucose a sel,
inganta lipogenesis,
yana hana fitowar glucose daga hanta.

Bayan gudanar da aikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ana lura da babban adadin insulin na insulin a cikin awanni 2-18. Farawar aiki shine bayan sa'o'i 1.5, matsakaicin sakamako yana faruwa bayan sa'o'i 4-12, jimlar lokacin shine 24 hours. A cikin karatun asibiti, ba zai yiwu a gano cutar sankarar mahaifa ba, ƙwarjin jini da illa ga ayyukan haihuwa, saboda haka ana ɗaukar Protafan magani ne mai lafiya.

Analogs na Protafan

Take	Mai masana'anta
Insuman Bazal	Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Jamus
Br-Insulmidi ChSP	Bryntsalov-A, Rasha
Humulin NPH	Eli Lilly, Amurka
Actrafan HM	Novo Nordisk A / O, Denmark
Berlinsulin N Basal U-40 da Berlisulin N Basal Pen	Berlin-Chemie AG, Jamus
Humodar B	Indar Insulin CJSC, Ukraine
Biogulin NPH	Bioroba SA, Brazil
Homophane	Pliva, Croatia
Isofan Insulin Kofin Duniya	AI CN Galenika, Yugoslavia

Da ke ƙasa akwai bidiyon da ke magana game da kwayoyi na tushen insulin:

Ina so in yi rubutu na a cikin bidiyo - haramun ne a gudanar da insulin na tsawon lokaci!

Yin hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyi

Magungunan da ke rage buƙatar insulin:

ACE hanawar (kamfas),
na baki hypoglycemic kwayoyi,
MAO monoamine oxidase inhibitors (furazolidone),
salicylates da sulfonamides,
mara amfani beta-blockers (metoprolol),
magungunan anabolic steroid

Magunguna waɗanda ke kara buƙatar insulin:

glucocorticoids (prednisone),
tausayawa
maganin hana haihuwa
bakin ciki, glucagon,
masu maganin tashin zuciya
hakan,
cututtukan mahaifa.

Yadda ake adana insulin?

Umarnin ya ce ba za ku iya daskare maganin ba. Adana a cikin sanyi a zazzabi na digiri 2 zuwa 8. Ba za a ajiye kwalban da aka buɗe ba a cikin akwati a cikin firiji cikin wuri mai duhu har zuwa makonni 6 a zazzabi har zuwa digiri 30.

Babban hasara na Protafan da misalanta shine kasancewar mafi girman matakin aiwatarwa sa'o'i 4-6 bayan gudanarwa. Saboda wannan, mai ciwon sukari dole ne ya shirya abincinsa a gaba. Idan ba ku ci abinci a wannan lokacin ba, hauhawar jini zai haɓaka. Ana iya amfani da shi ta hanyar mata masu juna biyu da yara.

Kimiyya ba ta tsaya cak ba, akwai sabbin maganganu marasa ƙarfi na Lantus, Tujeo da sauransu. Sabili da haka, a nan gaba za a tura kowa zuwa sababbin magunguna don rage haɗarin cutar hypoglycemia.

Yawan abin sama da ya kamata

A mafi yawan lokuta, yawan yawan insulin da ake samu yana haifar da ci gaban yanayin rashin karfin jini, wanda zai iya kasancewa mai tsananin rauni. Lokacin da hypoglycemia mai sauƙi ya faru, mai haƙuri zai iya kawar da shi da kansa ta hanyar shiga cikin samfurin mai daɗi. Sabili da haka, masu ciwon sukari da yawa suna ɗaukar maciji iri iri tare da su: Sweets, cookies da ƙari.

Mummunan lokuta na iya haifar da asarar hankali. A wannan yanayin, magani na musamman tare da gabatar da maganin 40% na ciki Dextrose ko Glucagon - intramuscularly, subcutaneously. Kuma bayan dawo da hankali, mai haƙuri yakamata ya ɗauki abincin nan da nan a cikin carbohydrates don hana sake haɓakar ƙwanƙwasawa da sauran alamun da ba a so.

Bruef umarnin

Ana yin Protafan ta yanayin halitta. Ana gabatar da kwayar halitta ta DNA don dacewa da insulin a cikin ƙwayoyin yisti, bayan haka suka fara samar da proinsulin. Insulin da aka samo bayan magani na enzymatic ya zama daidai ga mutum. Don tsawaita aikin, ana cakuda hormone tare da protamine, kuma ana yin sukuni ta amfani da fasaha na musamman. Magungunan da aka samar ta wannan hanyar ana kasancewa da shi ta hanyar daidaituwa na yau da kullun, kuna iya tabbata cewa canjin kwalban ba zai shafi sukarin jini ba. Ga marasa lafiya, wannan yana da mahimmanci: ƙarancin abubuwan da ke shafar aikin insulin, mafi kyawun diyya ga masu ciwon sukari za su kasance.

Akwai Protafan HM a cikin gilashin gilashi tare da 10 ml na bayani. A wannan nau'in, magungunan ke karɓar magungunan da masu ciwon sukari waɗanda ke yin allurar insulin tare da sirinji. A cikin kwali kwali 1 kwalban da umarnin don amfani.

Protafan NM Penfill - waɗannan katako ne na milimita 3 da za a iya sanyawa a cikin allon ƙwaƙwalwar NovoPen 4 (ɓangare na 1) ko NovoPen Echo (matakan 0.5 raka'a). Don dacewa da haɗuwa a cikin kowane katun gilashin ƙwallon gilashi. Kunshin ya ƙunshi katako guda 5 da umarnin.

Rage sukari na jini ta hanyar jigilar shi zuwa kyallen takarda, inganta haɓakar glycogen a cikin tsokoki da hanta. Yana karfafa samuwar sunadarai da mai, saboda haka, yana taimakawa samun nauyi.

Ana amfani dashi don kula da sukari mai azumi na al'ada: a dare da tsakanin abinci. Ba za a iya amfani da Protafan don gyaran glycemia ba, an yi amfani da gajerun abubuwan insulins don waɗannan dalilai.

Bukatar insulin yana ƙaruwa tare da damuwa na tsoka, raunin jiki da na tunani, kumburi, da cututtuka masu yaduwa. Yin amfani da barasa a cikin ciwon sukari ba a son shi, saboda yana haɓaka ƙazantar cutar kuma yana iya tayar da hawan jini.

Ana buƙatar yin gyaran fuska yayin ɗaukar wasu magunguna. Increara - tare da yin amfani da diuretics da wasu magungunan hormonal. Rage - dangane da kulawa ta lokaci guda tare da allunan rage sukari, tetracycline, asfirin, magungunan antihypertensive daga rukunin masu hana masu karɓa na AT1 da masu hana ACE.

Sakamakon mafi kyawun sakamako na kowane insulin shine hypoglycemia. Lokacin amfani da magungunan NPH, haɗarin faduwar sukari da daddare ya fi girma, tunda suna da babban aiki. Nocturnal hypoglycemia yana da haɗari sosai a cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, tun da mai haƙuri ba zai iya yin bincike da kawar da su da kansu ba. Sugararancin sukari da daddare sakamakon sakamako ne da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba ko kuma yanayin aikin mutum.

A cikin ƙasa da 1% na masu ciwon sukari, Protafan insulin yana haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen gida a cikin nau'i na huhu, ƙaiƙayi, kumburi a wurin allura. Yiwuwar rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari ya ƙasa da 0.01%. Canje-canje a cikin kitse na subcutaneous, lipodystrophy, na iya faruwa. Hadarinsu yana da girma idan ba a bi hanyoyin allurar ba.

An hana Protafan yin amfani da shi a cikin marasa lafiya da ke da ƙaiƙayi ko ƙaiƙayin Quincke na wannan insulin. A matsayin maye, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ba insulins NPH tare da abun da ke kama ba, amma analogues na insulin - Lantus ko Levemir.

Bai kamata masu amfani da cutar ta masu amfani da cutar Protafan suyi amfani da su su hana shi yawan zubar jini ba, ko kuma idan an goge alamun sa. An gano cewa analogues na insulin a wannan yanayin suna da aminci sosai.

Bayanin	Protafan, kamar duk abubuwan NPH, suna ɓoye fuloji. Asan ƙasa akwai farin hazo, a sama - ruwa mai translucent. Bayan an gauraya, maganin gaba ɗaya zai zama fari ɗaya. Maida hankali ne akan abu mai aiki shine raka'a 100 a kowace milliliter.
Sakin Fom
Abun ciki	Abunda yake aiki shine insulin-isophan, mai taimako: ruwa, sinadarin protamine don tsawanta tsawon lokacin aiki, phenol, metacresol da zinc ion azaman abubuwan kiyayewa, abubuwa don daidaita acidity na mafita.
Aiki
Alamu	Ciwon sukari a cikin marasa lafiya na buƙatar insulin far, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ba. Tare da nau'in cuta ta 1 - daga farawar rikicewar carbohydrate, tare da nau'in 2 - lokacin da magungunan rage sukari da rage cin abinci ba su isa sosai, kuma haemoglobin glycated ya wuce 9%. Cutar sankarar mahaifa a cikin mata masu juna biyu.
Zaɓin sashi	Umarnin ba ya ƙunshi yawan shawarar da aka ba da shawarar, tun da adadin insulin da ake buƙata ga masu ciwon sukari daban ya sha bamban. An lasafta shi bisa dalilin azumtar data glycemia. An zaɓi adadin insulin don safe da maraice na yamma - lissafin kashi na yawan insulin ga duka nau'ikan.
Gyara daidaitawa
Side effects
Contraindications
Adana	Ana buƙatar kariya daga haske, yanayin sanyi da kuma yawan zafi (> 30 ° C). Dole ne a adana vials a cikin akwati, ya kamata a kiyaye insulin a cikin sirinji na alƙalmi tare da hula. A cikin yanayin zafi, ana amfani da na'urorin sanyaya musamman don jigilar Protafan. Yanayin ingantaccen yanayi na tsawon lokaci (har zuwa makonni 30) ajiyar kayayyaki ko kofar firiji. A dakin zafin jiki, Protafan a cikin farawar vial yana tsawon makonni 6.

Haɗa kai

Yawancin magunguna na hypoglycemic, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, angiotensin suna canza enzyme da carbonic anhydrase, da kuma wasu masu hana beta-blockers, sulfonamides, Bromocriptinemagungunan anabolic steroid, tetracyclinesHarshen Cyclophosphamide,Ketoconazole, Mebendazole,Clofibrate, Pyridoxine, Theophylline, Fenfluramine, kwayoyi masu ɗauke da lithium na iya haɓaka tasirin insulin.

A lokaci guda, maganin hana haihuwa, thyroid na iya raunana tasirin hypoglycemic. kwayoyinglucocorticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, maganin tricyclic antidepressants, heparintausayawa Danazolallunan tashar alli Clonidine, Diazoxide, Phenytoin, Morphine da nicotine.

Haɗuwa da Narkataccen dasalicylates duka zasu iya raunana da haɓaka sakamakon wannan maganin. Wasu beta-blockers rufin alamun hypoglycemia ko sanya shi da wuya a kawar. Orara ko rage buƙatun insulin Octreotide daLanreotide.

Lokacin aiki

Adadin shigowar Protafan daga kashin karkashin kasa zuwa cikin jini a cikin marassa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar siga ya sha bamban, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a tsinkaya daidai lokacin da insulin ya fara aiki. Darajar bayanai:

Daga allura zuwa bayyanar hormone a cikin jini, kimanin awa 1.5 suka wuce.
Protafan yana da babban aiki, a cikin yawancin masu ciwon sukari yana faruwa ne awanni 4 daga lokacin gudanarwa.
Matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki ya kai awanni 24. A wannan yanayin, dogaro da tsawon lokacin aiki akan kashi an samo shi. Tare da gabatar da raka'a 10 na Protafan insulin, za a lura da rage girman sukari na kimanin awanni 14, raka'a 20 na kimanin awanni 18.

Bayanin allura

A cikin mafi yawan lokuta tare da ciwon sukari, gudanarwa na Protafan na lokaci biyu ya isa: da safe da kuma kafin lokacin kwanciya. Yakamata allurar maraice ya isa ya kula da glycemia ko'ina cikin dare.

Sharuɗɗa don madaidaicin kashi:

sukari da safe daidai yake da lokacin kwanciya
babu yawan rashin bacci da daddare.

Mafi yawan lokuta, yawan sukari na jini yakan tashi ne bayan karfe 3 na safe, lokacin da samar da kwayoyin halittun dake cikin jiki suke aiki sosai, kuma tasirin insulin ya raunana. Idan gangar jikin Protafan ta ƙare da wuri, haɗarin kiwon lafiya mai yiwuwa ne: ƙin jinin da ba a sani ba da daddare da kuma yawan sukari da safe. Don kauce masa, kuna buƙatar bincika matakin sukari na lokaci-lokaci a 12 da 3 hours. Ana iya canza lokacin allurar maraice, yana dacewa da halayen miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Siffofin aikin kananan allurai

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ciwon sukari na mata masu juna biyu, a cikin yara, a cikin manya akan rage cin abinci mai karas, buƙatar NPH insulin na iya zama kaɗan. Tare da ƙaramin ƙwayar guda ɗaya (har zuwa raka'a 7), tsawon lokacin aikin Protafan ana iya iyakance shi zuwa 8 hours. Wannan yana nufin cewa allurar guda biyu da aka bayar ta hanyar umarnin ba zai isa ba, kuma a tsakanin sukarin jini zai karu.

Ana iya magance wannan ta hanyar allurar Protafan insulin sau 3 a kowane awanni 8: ana ba da allurar farko nan da nan bayan farkawa, na biyu yayin cin abincin rana tare da gajeren insulin, na uku, mafi girma, kafin lokacin bacci.

Nazarin masu ciwon sukari, ba kowa bane yake cin nasarar samun kyakkyawan sakamako ga masu cutar siga ta wannan hanyar. Wani lokacin kashi na dare yakan daina aiki kafin farkawa, kuma sukari da safe yana da yawa. Theara yawan kashi yana haifar da wucewar insulin da hauhawar jini. Hanya daya tilo daga wannan yanayin ita ce canzawa zuwa insulin analogues tare da tsawon lokacin aiki.

Addu'ar abinci

Masu ciwon sukari a kan ilimin insulin yawanci ana rubutasu na matsakaici da kuma gajere insulin. Ana buƙatar gajere don rage glucose wanda ke shiga cikin jini daga abinci. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don gyara glycemia. Tare tare da Protafan, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ɗan gajeren shiri na masana'anta guda ɗaya - Actrapid, wanda kuma ana samunsa a cikin vials da katako don alƙalami na syringe.

Lokacin gudanar da insulin Protafan ba ya dogara da abinci ta kowace hanya, kusan daidai lokacin da ke tsakanin injections ya isa. Da zarar kun zabi lokacin da ya dace, kuna buƙatar bin ta koyaushe. Idan ya dace da abinci, za'a iya yin amfani da Protafan tare da ɗan insulin. A lokaci guda hada su a cikin sirinji iri ɗaya ba a so, tun da alama yana iya yin kuskure tare da kashi kuma rage girman aikin gajeren hormone.

Matsakaicin adadin

A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, kuna buƙatar allurar insulin kamar yadda ake buƙata don daidaita daidaituwar glucose. Umarnin don amfani bai kafa iyakar awo ba. Idan madaidaicin adadin insulin na Protafan ya haɓaka, wannan na iya nuna juriya na insulin. Tare da wannan matsalar, ya kamata ka nemi likitanka. Idan ya cancanta, zai rubuta magungunan da ke inganta aikin hodar.

Amfani da juna biyu

Idan tare da ciwon sukari na gestational ba zai yiwu a cimma daidaitaccen ƙwayar cuta ba kawai ta hanyar abinci, an tsara masu maganin insulin. An zaɓi maganin da maganin ta musamman a hankali, tunda duka hypo- da hyperglycemia suna kara haɗarin lalata cikin yaro. An yarda da insulin Protafan don amfani yayin daukar ciki, amma a mafi yawan lokuta, analogues na dogon lokaci zai zama mafi tasiri.

Likita na Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Diabetology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Na yi shekaru da yawa ina nazarin ciwon sukari. Yana da ban tsoro yayin da mutane da yawa suka mutu, har ma da yawa suna zama masu rauni saboda cutar sankara.

Na yi hanzarin ba da labari mai daɗi - Cibiyar Binciken Endocrinological na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha ta sami nasarar inganta maganin da ke warkar da ciwon sukari gaba daya. A yanzu, ingancin wannan magani yana gab da kashi 98%.

Wani albishir: Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta tabbatar da ɗaukar wani shiri na musamman wanda zai biya diyyar magunguna mai yawa. A Rasha, masu ciwon sukari har sai 18 ga Mayu (m) samun shi - Don kawai 147 rubles!

Idan ciki ya faru da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, kuma macen ta sami nasarar rama cutar ta Protafan, ba a buƙatar canza magani.

Rashin nono yana tafiya daidai da ilimin insulin. Protafan ba zai haifar da wata illa ga lafiyar jaririn ba. Insulin ya shiga cikin madara a cikin adadi kaɗan, bayan wannan sai ya karye cikin narkewar ƙwayar yaron, kamar kowane furotin.

M halayen

Tasirin sakamako na yau da kullun shine maganin cututtukan zuciya. Zai iya faruwa lokacin da kashi ya zarce buƙataccen insulin. Dangane da nazarin asibiti, da bayanai game da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bayan fitarwarsa a kasuwa, kasancewar hauhawar jini ya bambanta a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na marasa lafiya, tare da tsarin magunguna daban-daban da matakan sarrafa glycemic.

A farkon farawar insulin, ana iya lura da kurakurai masu narkewa, edema da halayen a wurin allurar (jin zafi, redness, urticaria, kumburi, kumburi, kumburi da itching a wurin allurar). Wadannan halayen ba da jimawa ba ne. Ingantaccen haɓakawa a cikin kulawar glucose na jini na iya haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin juyayin neuropathy mai raɗaɗi. Tsayayyen tsari na glycemic na dogon lokaci yana rage haɗarin ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. Koyaya, ƙarawar ƙwayar insulin don hanzarta inganta ƙwayar glycemic na iya haifar da haɓaka ɗan lokaci na ciwon sukari na retinopathy.

Dangane da bincike na asibiti, masu biyo baya sune halayen da ba a yarda da su ba wanda aka rarraba shi ta hanyar mita da azuzuwan tsarin sassan jiki a cewar MedDRA.

Dangane da yawan aukuwar lamarin, an rarraba waɗannan halayen zuwa waɗanda ke faruwa sau da yawa (≥1 / 10), sau da yawa (≥1 / 100 zuwa 1/1000 zuwa 1/10000 zuwa M NM Penfil ® yayin shayarwa shima ba ya nan, tunda kulawar uwa baya haifar da wata illa ga jariri. Koyaya, yana iya zama dole don daidaita sashi da abincin don mahaifiyar.

Shirye-shiryen insulin na ɗan adam mai inganci suna da inganci kuma masu lafiya amintattu a cikin lura da ciwon sukari a cikin yara da matasa masu shekaru daban-daban. Bukatar insulin na yau da kullun a cikin yara da matasa ya dogara da matakin cutar, nauyin jiki, shekaru, abinci, motsa jiki, matsayin juriya na insulin da kuma ƙarfin yanayin ƙwayar cutar glycemia.

Siffofin aikace-aikace

Rashin isasshen dosing ko dakatar da magani (musamman tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na I) na iya haifar da shi hawan jini . Yawancin lokaci, alamun farko na hyperglycemia suna haɓaka hankali a kan sa'o'i da yawa ko kwanaki. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙishirwa, yawan urination, tashin zuciya, amai, amai, ja da bushewar fata, bushewar baki, rashin ci, da ƙamshin acetone a cikin iska mai ƙuna.

A nau'in ciwon sukari na I, hyperglycemia, wanda ba a kula dashi ba, yana haifar da ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari, wanda ke iya zama mai mutuƙar mutuwa.

Hypoglycemia na iya faruwa tare da babban adadin insulin dangane da buƙatar insulin.

Ski abinci ko karin yawan aiki na jiki wanda ba a tsammani ba na iya haifar da hauhawar jini.

Marasa lafiya waɗanda suka inganta mahimmancin matakan glucose na jini saboda ƙwaƙwalwar insulin mai zurfi na iya lura da canje-canje a alamominsu na yau da kullun, abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari, wanda ya kamata a yi gargaɗi a gaba.

Alamun gargaɗin da aka saba na iya ɓacewa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari na dogon lokaci.

Canza haƙuri ga wani nau'in ko nau'in insulin yana faruwa ƙarƙashin tsayayyen kulawar likita. Canji a cikin maida hankali, nau'in (masana'anta), nau'in, asalin insulin (ɗan adam ko analog na insulin mutum) da / ko hanyar samarwa na iya buƙatar daidaita yanayin insulin. Marasa lafiya waɗanda aka canza su zuwa Protafan ® NM Penfil ® tare da nau'in insulin na daban na iya buƙatar haɓaka yawan adadin injections na yau da kullun ko canji a sashi idan aka kwatanta da insulin da suka yi amfani da shi. Bukatar zaɓin kashi na iya tashi duka a lokacin farkon sabon magani, da kuma a farkon fewan makonni ko watanni na amfani.

Lokacin amfani da kowane ilimin kwantar da hankali na insulin, halayen na iya faruwa a wurin allurar, wanda zai iya haɗawa da jin zafi, redness, itching, hives, busa, bugu, da kumburi. Canza wurin allurar koyaushe a cikin yanki ɗaya na iya rage ko hana waɗannan halayen. Abubuwan da suka shafi yawanci yakan tafi bayan 'yan kwanaki ko makonni. A cikin lokuta mafi sauƙi, halayen a wurin allurar na iya buƙatar dakatar da magani tare da Protafan ® NM Penfil ®.

Kafin tafiya tare da canjin yanki na lokaci, marasa lafiya ya kamata su nemi likita, tunda wannan ya canza jigilar allurar insulin da kuma daukar abinci.

Kada ayi amfani da insulin insulin a cikin magunan insulin na tsawon lokaci don yin insulin na insulin.

Haɗarin thiazolidinediones da samfuran insulin

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da thiazolidinediones a hade tare da insulin, an ba da rahoton maganganun cututtukan zuciya na damuwa, musamman a cikin marasa lafiya da dalilai masu haɗari don lalata zuciya. Wannan yakamata ayi la'akari dashi lokacin da ake rubuta magani tare da thiazolidinediones tare da insulin. Tare da yin amfani da waɗannan magunguna duka, marasa lafiya ya kamata su kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita don haɓaka alamu da alamun cututtukan zuciya na rashin ƙarfi, hauhawar nauyi da kuma tashin hankali na edema. Idan akwai wani lalacewa a aikin zuciya, to ya kamata a dakatar da lura da thiazolidinediones.

Thearfin yin tasiri akan ƙimar amsawa yayin tuki motocin ko wasu hanyoyin

Amsar mai haƙuri da iyawar sa na iya mai da hankali na iya kasancewa yana illa tare da cututtukan jini. Wannan na iya zama haɗari ga yanayi yayin da waɗannan damar ke da mahimmanci musamman (alal misali, lokacin tuki ko aiki tare da wasu hanyoyin).

Ya kamata a shawarci marasa lafiya su dauki matakan hana hypoglycemia kafin tuki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka raunana ko raunin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na hypoglycemia ko aukuwa na hypoglycemia na faruwa akai-akai. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, yakamata a auna nauyin tuki.

Bambancin insulin analogues

Dogon insulin analogues, irin su Lantus da Tujeo, basu da kololuwa, ana iya jure su kuma basa iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki. Idan mai ciwon sukari yana da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na jiki ko ƙoshin sukari ba tare da wani dalili na musamman ba, ya kamata a maye gurbin Protafan tare da insulins na yau da kullun.

Babban hasara shine babban farashin su. Farashin Protafan kusan 400 rubles. na kwalba da 950 don tattara kayan katako na almakashi. Insulin analogues kusan sau 3 sun fi tsada.

Tabbatar koya! Shin kuna tsammanin kulawa da kwayoyin hana daukar ciki da insulin shine hanya daya tilo da za'a kula da sukari? Ba gaskiya bane! Kuna iya tabbatar da wannan da kanku ta hanyar fara amfani da shi. kara karantawa >>

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa na ainihi

farin dakatarwa, a cikin abin da aka fara yin fararen fari da launi mara launi ko kusan launi mara nauyi akan tsayawa, an gabatar da hazo cikin sauƙin girgiza mai ladabi. Lokacin da aka bincika a karkashin madubin ƙarambura, ƙwayoyin suna kama da lu'ulu'u ne na siffar elongated, tsawon yawancin lu'ulu'u shine 1-20 microns.

Yanayin ajiya

Adana a cikin firiji a zazzabi of 2 ° C - 8 ° C. Kada a daskare.

Adana harsashi a cikin kunshin na biyu don kariya daga fuskantar haske.

Bayan buɗewa: yi amfani da makonni 6. Kada a ajiye a firiji. Adana a zazzabi da bai wuce 30 ° C.

Kada kayi amfani bayan ranar karewa da aka buga akan kunshin.

Ayi nesa da isar yara.

Katin gilashin gilashi (nau'in 1) tare da damar 3 ml, wanda shine piston roba (bromobutyl roba) kuma an rufe shi tare da diski na roba (bromobutyl / polyisolorida roba). Katin yana dauke da dutsen gilashin hadawa. Cartan katako guda biyar a cikin kowane kwali.

Siffofin magani

Magungunan shine dakatarwar da aka gabatar a karkashin fata.

Kungiya, abu mai aiki:

Isulin insulin-semisynthetis mutum (semisynthetic mutum). Yana da matsakaita tsawon lokacin aiki. Protafan NM yana contraindicated a cikin: insulinoma, hypoglycemia da hypersensitivity ga aiki abu.

Yadda za a ɗauka kuma a cikin wane sashi?

Inulin yana allura sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a rana, rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci safe. A wannan yanayin, inda za a yi allura, koyaushe ya kamata a canza shi.

Ya kamata a zaɓi kashi don kowane mai haƙuri daban-daban. Yawanta ya dogara da adadin glucose a cikin fitsari da kwararar jini, da kuma sifofin halayen cutar. M, ana wajabta maganin sau 1 a kowace rana kuma shine 8-24 IU.

A cikin yara da tsofaffi masu laushi zuwa insulin, an rage girman kashi zuwa 8 IU kowace rana. Kuma ga marasa lafiya da ƙarancin hankali, likitan da ke halartar na iya tsara adadin da ya wuce 24 IU kowace rana. Idan kashi na yau da kullun ya wuce 0.6 IU a kowace kilo, to, ana gudanar da maganin ta hanyar allura biyu, waɗanda ake yi a wurare daban-daban.

Marasa lafiya da ke karɓar IU 100 ko fiye da kowace rana, lokacin da ake canza insulin, dole ne a koyaushe a ƙarƙashin kulawar likitoci. Sauya magungunan tare da wani ya kamata a gudanar dashi tare da kula da matakan glucose na jini koyaushe.

Ta yaya za mu bi da yawan abin sama da ya kamata?

Idan mai haƙuri yana cikin yanayin hankali, to likitan ya ba da izinin dextrose, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar dropper, intramuscularly ko intravenously. Hakanan ana gudanar da Glucagon ko kuma maganin rage karfin hypertonic dextrose.

Game da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta na haila, 20 zuwa 40 ml, i.e. Maganin 40% na dextrose har sai mara lafiyar ya fito daga mahaifa.

Kafin ku ɗauki insulin daga kunshin, kuna buƙatar bincika cewa mafita a cikin kwalbar tana da launi mai launi. Idan girgije, hazo ko gawar kasashen waje suna bayyane, mafita haramun ne.
Zazzabi na miyagun ƙwayoyi kafin gudanarwa ya kamata ya zama zazzabi daki.
A gaban cututtukan cututtuka, rashin aiki na glandar thyroid, cutar ta Addiosn, rashin cin nasara na koda, hypopituitarisis, da masu ciwon sukari na tsufa, yawan insulin yana buƙatar daidaita daidaituwa.

Sanadin cututtukan hypoglycemia na iya zama:

yawan abin sama da ya kamata
amai
canjin magani
cututtukan da ke rage buƙatar insulin (cututtukan hanta da koda, hauhawar cututtukan ƙwayar thyroid, glandon ƙwayar ƙwayar ciki, hanji mai ciki),
rashin kiyaye tsarin abinci,
hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyi
zawo
kangin aiki,
canjin wurin allura.

Lokacin canja mai haƙuri daga insulin dabba zuwa insulin ɗan adam, rage raguwar glucose jini na iya bayyana. Canjin zuwa insulin mutum ya zama barata daga mahangar likitanci, kuma yakamata a gudanar dashi karkashin tsananin kulawa da likita.

Lokacin haihuwa da bayan haihuwa, za a iya rage yawan buƙatar insulin sosai. Yayin shayarwa, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan mahaifiyarku tsawon watanni, har sai an daidaita buƙatar insulin.

Abun da ke faruwa game da ci gaban hawan jini na iya haifar da lalacewa a cikin ikon mara lafiya ya tuƙi motoci da kuma kula da injuna da injin.

Tare da taimakon sukari ko abinci tare da babban abun ciki na carbohydrates, masu ciwon sukari na iya dakatar da nau'in hypoglycemia mai laushi. A bu mai kyau cewa mai haƙuri koyaushe yana da akalla 20 g na sukari tare da shi.

Idan an jinkirta hypoglycemia, ya zama dole a sanar da likita wanda zaiyi gyaran jiyya.