Harshen angiopathy - nau'ikan, abubuwan da ke haifar, alamu, hanyoyin ganewar asali da magani

Retinale, ko jimlar masu karɓar karɓar ƙwayar cuta a cikin asusu, ɗaya daga cikin ƙayyadaddun kasusuwa na jikin mutum. Yarda da hasken rana wanda lebur da ruwan tabarau ya sanya, retina yana yada shi ta hanyar jijiya ta musamman zuwa cibiyar bincike da kwakwalwa, inda aka kirkirar hoton na yau da kullun. Kamar kowane nama, retina yana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki da iskar oxygen don aiki na al'ada, wanda yawanci yakan fito ne daga rafin jini. Rage kayan aikin jini, karuwar ikon ganuwar, tafiyar matakai na kumburi, toshewar da sauran rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki suna haifar da matsanancin kyallen takarda, wanda ke haifar da dystrophic da aikin atrophic, rashin aiki ko cikakkiyar gazawa.

A biyun, kuma hanyar cututtukan jijiyoyin jini (ganowar “angiopathy” ta zama azama ta gama gari don rashin lafiyar jijiyoyin jiki) ba ya faruwa ba tare da dalili ba. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwanda ke haifar da cutar jijiyoyin jiki shine mellitus na sukari, cuta mai raɗaɗi na endocrine mai rikitarwa wanda, zuwa digiri ɗaya ko wata, yana shafar dukkanin tsarin jiki. Rashin daidaituwa na ciki da cuta na rayuwa, musamman idan an barsu ba tare da magani da kulawa na warkewa na tsawon shekaru ba, suna haifar da mummunan lalacewar dukkanin bangarorin biyu masu mahimmanci (hanta, zuciya, kodan, manyan tasoshin jini), da ƙananan jijiya, jijiyoyin jiki da kuma tsarin rayuwa, ciki har da samar da jini zuwa ga retina. Don ƙarfafa bambanci a cikin sikelin tsarin jijiyoyin hannu, macro- da microangiopathy suna dabam dabam.

Don haka, kalmar “retinal diabetic angiopathy” tana nufin rukuni na yanayin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ido wanda ke haɓaka sakamakon lalacewar tasoshin jini wanda ke samarwa da shi azaman ciwon sukari mellitus, wanda yawanci ana kula da shi kuma yana daɗewa.

Microangiopathy na ciwon sukari na ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsaloli masu girma na rashin lafiyar ophthalmology na zamani. Wannan shi ne saboda, da farko, ga tsarin dabi'a na babban ilimin aikin endocrine na farko, kuma abu na biyu, ga ƙarancin ilimin ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta, neurocirculatory, canje-canje na rayuwa wanda ke haifar da cin zarafin cututtukan fata, jijiyoyin zuciya, da kuma na uku, halayyar juvenileization da aka lura a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, i.e. "Rejuvenation" na ciwon sukari mellitus, don haɓaka rabo na siffofin mai tsananin zafi da rashin ƙarfi.

Abun haila na dindindin da kuma rashi mahimman abubuwan alamomin a cikin retina, komai mene ne asalin abubuwanda ake haifar da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini na kashin baya, wata alama mai kama da wannan ta bayyana. Sabili da haka, hoton asibiti a cikin masu ciwon sukari mai ciwon sukari tare da ƙananan lambobi yana maimaita alamun cututtukan traumatic, hypo- ko hypertensive angiopathy, kuma ya haɗa da bayyanannun bayyanannun:

• raguwa ta ci gaban gani (myopia) har sai cikakkiyar asara,
• take hakkin ingancin hoto na hoto (rage bambanci, turjiya, da sauransu),
• daban-daban na gani abubuwan mamaki da ke faruwa ta hanyar ƙananan basur, kumburi da kumburi da bangon hula ("walƙiya", "walƙiyar haske", da sauransu),,
• yawan hanci.

Babban binciken ophthalmologic (wanda, idan ya cancanta, ya hada da x-ray na zamani, duban dan tayi, tomography, da sauran hanyoyin maganganu) a cikin tsarin asusus din yana tare da canje-canje na dystrophic, tsananin zafin da kuma hatsarin da ke gudana wanda ya danganta da tsawon lokacin cutar sankara, yanayin ingancin sarrafawa, da kuma matsayin yarda da yawan haƙuri ƙuntatawa da shawarwari waɗanda ba makawa a cikin ciwon sukari dangane da abinci, salon rayuwa, da dai sauransu Mafi wuya Rianta na m retinal microangiopathy ne atrophy, retinal detachment kuma saboda haka makanta babu ja.

Babban hanyoyin magance cutar

A cikin cututtukan fata na kashin baya, a matsayin mai mulkin, an nuna magunguna cewa inganta haɓakar jini na gida a cikin tsarin gani (trental, emoxipin, solcoseryl, da sauransu). A cikin wasu halaye, ana buƙatar shirye-shiryen alli wanda ke haɓaka ɗankoran jini da bangon bugun jini. A farkon matakan, hanyoyin motsa jiki suna da tasiri. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a ɗauki shawarar kwararrun likitan mahaifa game da aikin jiki da motsa jiki na musamman ga idanu - horarwa koyaushe yana taimaka wajan kula da yanayin jijiyoyin da ake buƙata, tsayawa ko a taƙaice rage ayyukan lalata na retina.

Rage cin abinci abu ne na musamman, idan ba mahimmanci ba, ga masu ciwon sukari (da kuma cututtukan ciwon sukari musamman). Ya kamata a cire abinci mai-karashen abinci, da giya da taba, daga abincin.

Babu shakka, ciwon sukari mellitus yana rage darajar rayuwa gaba ɗaya, yana buƙatar nauyin mai haƙuri, kulawa da kulawa koyaushe da kuma tallafawa jiyya. Gabanin tushen cututtukan ciwon sukari a cikin tsarin daban-daban da gabobin, da yawa daga cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar angina sun kasance ba su da mahimmanci, sakamako masu illa wanda ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da magani. A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a san cewa tare da madaidaitan kusanci da isasshen taimako na ophthalmological, hangen nesa a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ya kasance abin so ne: canje-canje na dystrophic a cikin retina na iya ragewa ko tsayawa, yayin riƙe hangen nesa na shekaru da yawa.

Dalilai na Retinal Angiopathy

Iopwaƙwalwar ajiyar zuciya na iya zama wata alama ta kowane cuta da ta shafi yanayin tasoshin. Canje-canje a cikin tasoshin asusun a kaikaice suna nuna alamar lalacewar tasoshin kwayoyin. Jinjiyon anginalathy na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma har yanzu yana ci gaba sosai a cikin mutane bayan shekaru 30.

Mafi yawan abubuwanda suka haifar da kashin baya angiopathy:

• hauhawar jini na kowane asali,
• ciwon sukari mellitus
• atherosclerosis
• na matasa rashin lafiya,
• hypotonic angiopathy (tare da saukar karfin jini),
• scoliosis
• traumatic angiopathy.

Hakanan ana iya faruwa da angiopathy tare da osteochondrosis na kashin mahaifa, tare da systemic autoimmune vasculitis (cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki), cututtukan jini.

Hakanan akwai wasu abubuwan tsinkaye masu taimakawa ga ci gaban cututtukan fata na kashin baya:

• shan taba
• cutarwa mai illa a wurin aiki,
• daban-daban maye,
• na nakasa jini na jini,
• tsufa.

Rashin lafiyar tsoka (retinopathy)

Actsaukaka matakan hawan jini a kan bango na jijiyoyin bugun jini, yana lalata labulen ciki (endothelium), bangon jirgin ruwa ya zama denser, fibrosed. Jirgin retina a karkatarwa suna matse jijiyoyin, ba su da jini. Halin da ake ciki na kirkirar cututtukan jini da basur an halitta su: hawan jini ya yi yawa, wasu tasoshin sun katse, kuma angiopathy ya shiga cikin retinopathy. Jirgin ruwa mai tallafi alamun alama ce ta halayyar hawan jini.

A cewar kididdigar, a cikin matakin farko na hauhawar jini, ana lura da farashi na al'ada a cikin 25-30% na marasa lafiya, a mataki na biyu a cikin 3.5%, kuma a mataki na uku, canje-canje a cikin asusun suna kasancewa a duk marasa lafiya. A cikin matakan ci gaba, basur a cikin ƙwallon ido, girgije daga cikin retina, da canje-canje masu lalacewa a cikin ƙwayar retina sukan bayyana.

Binciko

An gano retinal angiopathy lokacin bincike na likitan mahaifa na asusun. Ana bincika retina tare da ɗalibin da ya faɗaɗa a cikin ƙaramin ƙaramin microscope. Tare da wannan jarrabawar, tokacewa ko fadada tasoshin, kasancewar basur, an bayyanar da matsayin macula.

Arin hanyoyin binciken da za a iya amfani da su don gano cutar angiopathy:

• Duban dan tayi na jiragen ruwa dauke da duplex da kuma Doppler scanning na tasoshin retina zai baka damar sanin saurin tafiyar jini da yanayin jijiyar jijiya,
• Gwajin-x-ray tare da gabatar da sabanin matsakaici a cikin tasoshin zai baka damar sanin ikon jirgin ruwa da saurin tafiyar jini,
• binciken komputa
• Tasirin maganadisu (MRI) - yana ba ku damar tantance jihar (tsari da aiki) na kyallen fata mai laushi.

Harshen angiopathy a cikin yara

Yin la'akari da cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar (abubuwan da ke haifar da angiopathy), ciwon sukari, hauhawar jini, hypotonic, angiopathies traumatic an bambanta su.

Cutar Malaria mai ciwon sukari ci gaba a cikin yara a ƙarshen matakai na ciwon sukari da kuma daga baya, a baya da magani aka fara. A cikin kudade akwai fadadawa da kuma karfin jijiyoyin jiki, kumburin ciki da ƙananan basur. Iyalan da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari suna buƙatar saka idanu sosai game da matakan sukarin jininsu.

Irin waɗannan yara suna haɓaka da ƙwayar jijiyoyin bugun jini na farko, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da bayyanar microaneurysms na arteries (protrusion bangon artery saboda bakin sa). A cikin yara, yanayin ganuwa yana raguwa, hangen nesa yana da illa.

A hauhawar jini da farko akwai karancin hanji da fadada jijiyoyin (saboda karancin fitowar ruwa), daga baya kuma sai gawarwar ta yadu. A hypotonic angiopathyakasin haka, a farkon farawar taurari, ƙirar su ta bayyana kuma tana ƙaruwa.

Raunin angiopathy kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin yara, yayin da yara sukan sami rauni, gami da raunin ido. Tare da rauni a angiopathy, yaro yana da damuwa da jin zafi a cikin ido, basur ya bayyana akan ƙwallon ido da a kan retina, kuma ƙarancin gani yana raguwa.

Juvenile angiopathy wanda aka bayyana a sama (duba sashe na nau'in angiopathies).

Ganin cewa angiopathy alama ce kawai ta wani cuta, kafin yanke shawara game da magani, wajibi ne a kafa tare da gano wannan cutar. Bayan yin bayani game da cutar, an wajabta magani mai lalacewa tare da mai da hankali kan magance cututtukan da ke tattare da cutar. Don lura da ciwon angiopathy da kanta, ana amfani da magungunan da ke inganta microcirculation jini.

Harshen angiopathy a cikin jarirai

Ana iya gano canje-canje a cikin retina har ma a asibiti. Amma a farkon lokacin haihuwa, wannan ba cuta ba ce. Canje-canje na baya a cikin wani lokaci na gaba, lokacin da aka bincika asusun kuɗi kamar yadda ƙwararren masanin ilimin ƙwaƙwalwa ya tsara, yana iya zama abin ci gaba.

Ba abu mai sauki bane ka iya bayyana alamun cutar kansa. A wasu halaye, alamomin guda ɗaya na iya bayyana - farin jigilar launin ja ko ƙananan aibobi a ƙwallon ido. Irin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya bayyana tare da traumatic angiopathy. Don wasu cututtukan, ana bada shawara don tattaunawa da yaro tare da likitan ido.

A cikin yara, canje-canje a cikin retina na iya bayyana saboda damuwa da damuwa ta jiki, har da ƙarancin matsayin canji a matsayin jiki. Sabili da haka, ba kowane canji bane a cikin ɗakunan jikin jariri yana nuna cutar. Idan an gano cikakkun jijiyoyin jikin kuɗin cikin rashi na rashin vasoconstriction da canje-canje a cikin jijiya na optic, yaro ya kamata ya nemi shawara daga likitan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma, wataƙila, waɗannan canje-canje ba za a gane su azaman ƙwayar cuta ba.

Tare da karuwa a matsin lamba na intracranial, kumburi daga jijiya na gani ya bayyana, diski ya zama mara daidaituwa, jijiyoyin sun cika, kuma hanjin ya cika da jini. Lokacin da irin waɗannan canje-canje suka bayyana, yara suna buƙatar asibiti da gaggawa da kuma yin cikakken bincike.

Cutar Gaggawa na Haihuwa a Ciki

Amma angiopathy na iya haɓakawa a cikin mace mai ciki a cikin karo na biyu ko na uku tare da ƙarshen toxicosis da hauhawar jini. Idan mace ta sami rashin lafiyar rashin haihuwa daga gabanin hauhawar jini kafin haihuwa, to yayin haila tana iya ci gaba kuma tana haifar da mafi girman rikice-rikice. Kullum saka idanu akan hauhawar jini, saka idanu a cikin kudi da kuma daukar magungunan rigakafin wajibi ne.

Dangane da ci gaban angiopathy, idan akwai barazanar rayuwar matar, an warware batun zubar da ciki. Abubuwan da ke nuna zubar da ciki su ne kashin baya, toshewar ƙwayar jijiya da kuma maganin ci gaba. Dangane da alamu, ana yin isar da kayan aiki.

Jiyya na Angiopathy na Retinal

Babban mahimmanci ga lura da cututtukan angiopathies shine lura da cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar. Yin amfani da magungunan da ke daidaita hawan jini, wakilai na hypoglycemic da rage cin abinci yana rage gudu ko ma hana ci gaba da canje-canje a cikin tasoshin retina. Adadin canje-canje na cututtukan jini a cikin tasoshin retina kai tsaye ya dogara da tasiri na lura da cutar da ke haifar da cutar.

Ya kamata a gudanar da jiyya a sarari a karkashin kulawa ba wai kawai maganin oculist ba, har ma da endocrinologist ko therapist. Baya ga magunguna, ana amfani da magani na zazzabi, magani na gida, da maganin rage cin abinci.

A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, rage cin abinci ba shi da mahimmanci kamar magani. Carbohydrate-abinci masu guba an cire su daga abinci. Ya kamata a maye gurbin kitse na dabbobi da ƙoshin kayan lambu, tabbatar da haɗa kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan kiwo, kifi a cikin abincin. Ya kamata a sa ido cikin nauyin jiki da sukarin jini.

Magungunan magani

• Lokacin da aka gano cutar ta angiopathy, an tsara marasa lafiya magunguna waɗanda ke haɓaka wurare dabam dabam na jini: Pentilin, Vasonite, Trental, Arbiflex, Xanthinol nicotinate, Actovegin, Pentoxifylline, Cavinton, Piracetam, Solcoseryl. Wadannan magungunan suna contraindicated lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa, da kuma a cikin yara. Amma a wasu halaye, a cikin ƙananan allurai, har yanzu ana wajabta su don wannan rukuni na marasa lafiya.
• Hakanan, ana amfani da magungunan da ke rage girman bangon jirgin ruwa: Parmidin, Ginkgo biloba, Calbes dobesylate.
• Magungunan da ke rage yawan adon platelet: Ticlodipine, Acetylsalicylic acid, Dipyridamole.
• Maganin Vitamin: B bitamin B (B₁, Cikin₂, Cikin₆, Cikin₁₂, Cikin₁₅), C, E, R.

Ya kamata a aiwatar da darussan jiyya don makonni 2-3 2 r. a kowace shekara. Ana amfani da duk magunguna kawai kamar yadda likita ya ba da umarnin.

A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, yawan sashin insulin ko wasu wakilai na hypoglycemic wanda aka zayyana ta hanyar endocrinologist ya kamata a kiyaye su sosai. Tare da hauhawar jini da atherosclerosis, ban da magungunan da ke rage karfin jini, ana amfani da magungunan da ke daidaita matakan cholesterol. Matsakaicin matakin daidaituwa na karfin jini da raunin ciwon sukari yana jinkirta canje-canje a cikin taskokin retina waɗanda ba makawa tare da wannan ilimin.

Magungunan magungunan gargajiya

Ana iya amfani da maganin gargajiya amma kuma yakamata ayi amfani da shi, amma ya kamata ku fara tattaunawa da likitan ku kuma tabbatar cewa babu haɓakar ɗan adam ga abubuwanda aka rubuta.

Bayan 'yan girke-girke daga maganin gargajiya:

• Inauki a cikin sassan daidai (100 g) St John's wort, chamomile, yarrow, Birch buds, immortelle. 1 tbsp tarin, zuba 0.5 l na ruwan zãfi, bar mintuna 20, ɓarnar da kawo ƙarar 0,5 l, sha gilashin 1 da safe a kan komai a ciki da gilashin 1 da dare (bayan amfani maraice, kada ku sha ko ku ci wani abu). Yi amfani da kullun kafin amfani da tarin duka.
• 15auki 15 g na tushen valerian da ganyen lemun tsami ganye, 50 g na yarrow ganye. 2 tsp tarin zuba 250 ml na ruwa, nace 3 a cikin wuri mai sanyi. Sa'an nan tsaya a cikin wanka na ruwa na mintina 15, sanyi, tace kuma daidaita ƙarar zuwa 250 ml. A cikin kananan rabo, jiko ya bugu duk rana. Hanyar magani shine makonni 3.
• 20auki 20 g na horsetail, 30 g na dutse, 50 g na furethothorn. 2 tsp yankakken ganye zuba 250 ml na ruwan zãfi, nace minti 30. kuma ɗauka a cikin minti 30. da abinci, 1 tbsp. 3 p. kowace rana, tsawon wata daya.
• 1auki 1 tsp. farin mistletoe (a baya ƙasa zuwa foda) zuba 250 ml na ruwan zãfi a cikin thermos, nace na dare da sha 2 tbsp. 2 p. kowace rana, tsawon watanni 3-4.

Hakanan yana da amfani don ɗaukar jiko na tsaba na dill, jiko na tsaba na caraway da ciyawa na masara, shayi daga 'ya'yan itaciyar dutsen ash da ganyayyaki.